If you are facing this problem on window of any version (latest or old version of window). You are looking a dialog frequently that says you.

Windows Detected A Hard Disk Problem

Back up your files immediately to prevent information loss, and then contact the computer manufacturer to determine if you need to repair or replace the disk.

Dialog look like following:-

This dialog appears frequently about every 5 to 10 seconds

Reason:-

This message generated because you there is a serious problem / fault on your hard disk, so you need to change your hard drive.

If you take the backup of your data from effected hard disk and want to use this hard drive, you can stop this dialog by following these steps. After that this message doesn’t upset you anymore

Solution to stop dialog:-

1. Open run dialog from start menu or press both keys from keyboard (window + r )
2. Type gpedit.msc and click ok

3. Navigate following path

Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > System > Troubleshooting and Diagnostics > Disk Diagnostic

Double click on both listed settings and click on Disable , by default it is set to not configured or enabled.

Disk Diagnostic :Configure Custom alert text        ->  Disabled
Disk Diagnostic :Configure Execution Level          ->  Disabled

Now restart computer or laptop. Your problem should be solved.

Note:- Do it on your own risk because this will just remove message, problem on hard disk is not configured. Check your hard disk by manufacturer.